22 research outputs found

    Dual Farrell measures of efficiency

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    This paper is a revised version of an old 1982 paper by the author, partially published in Spanish as Muro and Vera (1983) and cited for example in Fare (1985). The usual disclaimer appliesThis paper provides several definitions of efficiency measures in the price space. Economic and scale aspects of inefficiency are considered to give empirical content to the measurement of efficiency when the production technology is described by cost functions models. It shows, in the Hanoch鈥檚 symmetric duality approach, how the new definitions preserve the ranking of efficiency, are formally dually symmetric to the ones defined in the input space, and both are established with respect to different descriptions of the same technology. In addition, graphical procedures are utilized to make an insight into the achievement of polar technologies from primal ones and into the relationship between Shephard鈥檚 lemma and Roy鈥檚 identity

    El cambio t茅cnico como motor de la producci贸n : Una aplicaci贸n a la agricultura espa帽ola

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    Tesis Univ. Complutense de Madrid, 1980. Director Uriel Jim茅nez.Depto. de Econom铆a Financiera y Actuarial y Estad铆sticaFac. de Ciencias Econ贸micas y EmpresarialesTRUEProQuestpu

    Evaluaci贸n de los efectos de la reforma del Sistema de protecci贸n por desempleo del a帽o 1992 sobre la inserci贸n laboral de los parados en la Comunidad Aut贸noma de Madrid (CAM)

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    1. Introducci贸n. 2. Las caracter铆sticas de la reforma legal del SIPRE del a帽o 92 y de la estructura del SIPRE en Espa帽a. 3. El modelo econ贸mico. 4. El modelo emp铆rico. 5. La magnitud y cualidad del efecto composici贸n: edad-sexo-grupo de tarifa-causa de entrada y duraci贸n potencial de las prestaciones. 6. El efecto de la reforma sobre la duraci贸n del desempleo de los parados de corta duraci贸n. 7. El efecto de la reforma sobre la duraci贸n del desempleo de los parados de larga duraci贸n. Bibliograf铆aLa reforma del Sistema de prestaciones por desempleo (SIPRE) del a帽o 1992 coincidi贸 con el inicio de una fase recesiva y una crisis profunda de empleo en la econom铆a espa帽ola. Se utilizan microdatos procedentes del fichero hist贸rico de prestaciones (HSIPRE) del Instituto Nacional de Empleo (INEM) para realizar una evaluaci贸n de los efectos de dicha reforma sobre la inserci贸n laboral de los parados en la Comunidad Aut贸noma de Madrid (CAM). La reforma del SIPRE tuvo un impacto neto positivo, a corto plazo, sobre la inserci贸n laboral de los parados madrile帽os de corta duraci贸n. Tanto la disminuci贸n de la cuant铆a de las prestaciones como la reducci贸n, en general, de su duraci贸n potencial tuvieron un efecto incentivo sobre la probabilidad condicional de dejar el desempleo bajo prestaciones. Este impacto desapareci贸 a medio plazo. Por el contrario, la reforma no tuvo ning煤n efecto apreciable sobre la inserci贸n laboral de los parados de larga duraci贸n. Reformas futuras del Sistema cuyo principal objetivo sea hacer disminuir el salario de reserva y crecer la intensidad en la b煤squeda de empleo tendr谩n, en consecuencia, un impacto parcial y limitad

    Contrastes asint贸ticos de especificaci贸n en funciones frontera

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    El contraste de multiplicadores de Lagrange (ML) se utiliza para verificar el diagn贸stico realizado en la especificaci贸n param茅trica de funciones frontera. En el caso de fronteras estrictas, se construye un contraste ML para la prueba de una especificaci贸n gamma(P,位). En el supuesto de fronteras estoc谩sticas, se dise帽a un contraste ML en forma de TR虏 para las especificaciones normal-exponencial y normal-gamm

    Diploma earning differences by gender in Colombia

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    This paper discusses the existence of diploma earnings differences by gender in Colombia with a model of sheepskin effects based on pseudo panel data for the period 1996-2000. Our results show a significant and distinctive effect of high school and university degrees among men and women. Thus, additional earnings associated with a high school degree are higher for women than for men, while additional earnings associated with a university degree are higher for men compared to women in Colombia in the period under consideration

    On the size of sheepskin effects : a meta-analysis

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    We use information gathered from 122 studies on the effects of high school degrees on wages in different countries worldwide to carry out a meta-analysis that shows high school degrees have a statistically significant effect on wages of nearly 8%. This effect varies either when the review is made in countries away from the tropics or when factors such as sex, race, and continent are taken into account. Our results also reveal the existence of a publication bias that tends to increase the magnitude of the sheepskin effect. Nevertheless, when the former is included into the analysis the later remains statistically significant

    Homotheticity, duality and efficiency measures

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    This paper is a version of an old 1983 paper presented at IV Encuentro hispano-franc茅s de economistas te贸ricos, Bilbao (1983). All remaining errors are our ownAs a result of the duality of cost and distance functions the efficiency of cost-minimizing behavior can be compared to shadow-prizing behaviour, and conversely. In this framework we outline the form that dual efficiency measures, Muro (1982), Muro and Vera (1983), adopt for homothetic and linearly homogeneous technologies. To illustrate the subject we provide a numerical example for a technology described by a translog cost functio

    The Long Run Wage-Employment Elasticity: Evidence from Colombia

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    Hace algunos a帽os, un conjunto de art铆culos mostr贸 que la relaci贸n entre incrementos salariales y subida del desempleo no es clara en USA. Esta evidencia procedente de USA fue relevante para que Stiglitz opinara que la subida de un 22% del salario m铆nimo en Espa帽a no provocar铆a una reducci贸n del empleo en el a帽o 2018. En nuestra opini贸n, la evidencia en USA es insuficiente para considerar que esta recomendaci贸n puede aplicarse sin m谩s a todos los pa铆ses, cualesquiera que sean sus circunstancias, Diferencias en regulaciones, instituciones y sistemas de bienestar -en especial en el seguro de desempleo-, entre otras, pueden producir alrededor del mundo diferentes resultados a los evidenciados en USA. Colombia como pa铆s en desarrollo, con instituciones que difieren de las de USA tanto en dise帽o como en su pr谩ctica cotidiana, es un buen ejemplo para apreciar los posibles contrastes existentes. En este art铆culo, analizamos los efectos sobre la demanda de empleo de una elevaci贸n de los salarios a partir de informaci贸n de Colombia. Nuestro meta-an谩lisis muestra que a largo plazo la subida de los salarios en un 1% causa una ca铆da del 0.11% del empleo. Estos resultados son robustos aun cuando se tienen en cuenta los posibles sesgos de publicaci贸n.Several years ago, many articles showed that the relationship between wage increases and unemployment rise is not clear in the USA. This USA evidence was important to determine the recommendation of Stiglitz that a 22% increase of the minimum wage in Spain will not reduce the employment in 2018. To our view, the USA evidence is insufficient to consider that this advice can be extended to all countries. Differences in regulations, institutions and welfare systems 鈥搈ainly unemployment insurance-, among others, may produce around the world different results to the expected outcome in the USA that an increase of the real wages does not provoke an unemployment rise. Colombia as a developing country, with institutions that differ in design and practice from those of the USA, could be a good testing example. In this paper, we analyse the effect of a rise in wages on the demand for employment using Colombian data. Our meta-analysis shows that a 1% real wage increment causes an 0,11% employment fall in the long run. These results stand despite publication biases

    A cohort-based analysis of the influence of minimum wage levels on labour force participation in the informal sector : quantitative and substitution effects

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    The authors are thankful for the valuable suggestions of Ximena Due帽as and Luisa Fernanda Bernat at Icesi University, and those who attended the IARIW and CLADEA Conferences. Jhon James Mora acknowledges Icesi University and The National Institute of Science and Technology in Colombia (COLCIENCIAS) for their financial assistance. All remaining errors are ownThis paper discuses the effect of the minimum wage level on the decision to join the informal job sector. We estimate a pseudo panel of the engagement in the informal sector using an IV-probit. The findings show that an increase in the minimum wage level leads to a substitution effect between young and older workers. This results show that the standards effects over the labor market in the WGM segmented model are moderate because an increase of the minimum wage level does not imply total mobility between sectors

    Homotheticity, duality and efficiency measures

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    This paper is a version of an old 1983 paper presented at IV Encuentro hispano-franc茅s de economistas te贸ricos, Bilbao (1983). All remaining errors are our ownAs a result of the duality of cost and distance functions the efficiency of cost-minimizing behavior can be compared to shadow-prizing behaviour, and conversely. In this framework we outline the form that dual efficiency measures, Muro (1982), Muro and Vera (1983), adopt for homothetic and linearly homogeneous technologies. To illustrate the subject we provide a numerical example for a technology described by a translog cost functio
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